Relative Clauses

Relative Clause adalah bagian dari kalimat (anak kalimat) yang memberi keterangan pada orang atau benda yang mendahuluinya.

Istilah Relative Clause sama dengan Adjective Clause. Disebut Adjective Clause karena dia menerangkan benda atau orang yang mendahuluinya. Disebut Relative Clause karena dia menghubungkan (me-relate) benda atau orang tersebut dengan frasa di belakangnya. Relative Clause diawali dengan kata penghubung who, whom, whose, which, that.

                                                           

Contoh:

I have read the book (that) you just mentioned.

Main Clause                :                  I have read the book.

Subordinate Clause     :       (that) you just mentioned.

Anak kalimat menerangkan kata benda the book, disebut dengan Adjective Clause

The lesson (that) she is learning is very difficult.

Main Clause                :                  The lesson is very difficult.

Subordinate Clause     :       (that) she is learning.

Kata Ganti	Kata Pengantar	Contoh Kalimat
	1. Relative Pronouns	Fungsi:
Orang	Who, Whom, Whose, That	Subjek: He paid the money to the man who / that had done the work Objek Kata Kerja: He paid the man whom/that he had hired. Objek Kata Depan: He paid the man from whom he had borrowed the money. Kata Ganti Kepunyaan: This is the girl whose picture you saw.
Benda, Binatang	Which, that	Subjek: Here is a book which/that describes animals. Objek Kata Kerja: The chair which/that he broke is being repaired. Objek Kata Depan: She was wearing the coat for which she had paid $2,00.
	2. Relative Adverbs
Waktu	when	This is the year when the Olympic Games are held.
Tempat	where	Here is the house where I live.
Alasan	why	Give me one good reason why you did that.

 
Adjective Clause dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi 2 macam, yaitu:

1.         Relative pronouns

Relative pronouns adalah kata ganti yang menggantikan subject yang disebut sebelumnya. Dan berfungsi sebagai penghubung antara kata benda dan keterangan.

1.      Which

·         Dipakai sebagai pengganti subject bila subject tersebut berupa binatang atau benda (noun)

Example:

a.       Bali is Paradise Island

b.      It has a lot of historical temples

Bali which has a lot of historical temples is Paradise Island

a.       The animal is a dog

b.      It hunted my brother last night

The animal which hunted my brother last night is a dog

a.       This book is very beatiful

b.      It is very expensive

This book which is very expensive is very beatiful

·         Dipakai sebagai pengganti objek bila objek tersebut berupa binatang atau benda

Example:

a.       This is the book

b.      I bought it yesterday

This is the book which I bought yesterday

a.       Here is my car

b.      You can borrow it now

Here is my car which you can borrow now

2.      Who

·         Dipakai sebagai pengganti subject bila subject tersebut berupa orang

Example:

a.       My brother is a police man

b.      He lives in Bandung

My brothes who lives in Bandung is a police man

a.       The man is a teacher

b.      He teaches the lesson patiently

The man who teaches the lesson patienly is a teacher

3.      That

·                   Digunakan sebagai kata ganti benda atau kadang-kadang orang untuk menerangkan subject/object

Example:

a.       The man came here last night

b.      He will buy this house

The man that will buy this house came here last night

a.       Borobudur is an historical temple

b.      It was bombed years ago

Borobudur that was bombed years ago is an historical temple

4.      Whom

·         Dipakai sebagai pengganti object bila object tersebut berupa orang

Example:

a.       The man is Nizar

b.      I invited him yesterday

The man whom I invited yesterday is Nizar

a.       The boy is Amir

b.      We gave him money yesterday

The boy whom we gave money yesterday is Amir

5.      Whose

·         Dipakai sebagai pengganti milik untuk orang

Example:

a.       The man is Mr. Rudi

b.      We visited his daughter two days ago

The man whose doughter we visited two days ago is Mr. Rudi

Note: relative clause yang menggunakan who/that/which dapat dihilangkan apabila menjadi object. Example:

1.                  The woman who I wanted to see was away, or

Teh woman I wanted to see was away

2.                  Have you found the key that you lost?, or

Have you found the key you lost?

2.                  Relative adverb

Relative adverb biasa digunakan sebagai ganti relative pronoun yang juga berfungsi untuk memberikan pemahaman terhadap kalimat. Diantara relative adverb adalah:

a.       When

Example:

-          How can I forget the day when he went away?

b.      Where

Example:

-          Do you still remember the place where I met her the first time?

c.       Why

Example:

-          Give me one good reason why you did that

Disamping itu, Adjective Clause dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi 2 jenis, yaitu:

1.      Defining relative

Merupakan klausa yang berfungsi mengidentifikasi/mengenalkan kata benda yang dijelaskan. Klausa ini bersifat penting, sebab itu defining relative tidak bisa dihilangkan.  

Example:

The woman who lives next door is a doctor

Barbara works for a company that makes washing machines

2.. Non defining relative

Dalam suatu kalimat, non defining relative berfungsi memberi keterangan tambahan kepada subyek (noun atau pronoun). Dalam hal ini non defining relative selalu ditulis diantara dua koma.

Example:

My brother Jim, who lives in london, is a doctor

Nizar’s house, which is very cheap, will be sold